What is Multiple Myeloma?

Multiple Myeloma, cancer of plasma cells is the second most common blood cancer around the world. Plasma cells are a type of white blood cells, which produce antibodies that protect the body from infection. They are found in the bone marrow, which is the spongy tissue seen in some bones.

In multiple myeloma, the plasma cells clone and proliferate excessively, displacing healthy bone marrow cells that produce red blood cells, platelets, and other types of white blood cells (WBC). This sets off a chain reaction of illnesses and disorders that can harm multiple organs like bones, kidneys, and the bodys capacity to produce healthy red, white, and platelet blood cells. Multiple organ systems are affected, hence the name.

It mainly affects adults in the age group of 65-70 years. Multiple myeloma presents with different kinds of symptoms which can resemble a lot of other conditions. Initially one may not experience any symptoms. This cancer does not cause any lump or tumour.

Some may not experience any symptoms and the condition may be accidental when blood or urine tests show abnormally high protein. This type is called smouldering myeloma.

Rarely, cancer cells concentrate in a particular bone or soft tissue, rather than involving many organs. This is called solitary myeloma/plasmacytoma.

The are many symptoms one can experience:

Researchers are yet to identify the exact cause of multiple myeloma. However, certain risk factors have been identified.

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) is closely related. Here there is an overabundance of immunoglobulins in the blood. Approximately 1 in 100 individuals with MGUS go on to develop multiple myeloma each year. MGUS has no symptoms, so regular blood tests have to be done.

Currently, multiple myeloma cannot be cured. However, treatment can frequently assist to control the condition for several years. New medications, autologous stem cell transplantation, and improved supportive care have greatly improvedsurvival rates.

For diagnosing and initiating early treatment a set of criteria and defining events are necessary. This involves getting various blood tests and imaging.

Blood tests include:

Managing multiple myeloma requires a multidisciplinary approach of physicians, haematologists, radiologists, physiotherapists, dietitians and psychologists. The staging of the disease and symptoms dictate the treatment.

The therapy includes:

In first-line and relapsed settings, there is a combination of drugs used:

You may feel tired and nauseous and may also experience diarrhoea, constipation, numbness of hands and feet, mood changes, increased hunger, and sleep disturbances. A more thorough knowledge about the side effects can be obtained from your healthcare professional.

Experiences with multiple myeloma will vary from person to person. Some people have years to live with few symptoms. Others see a rapid deterioration in their condition. Using blood tests like albumin and beta-2-microglobulin, DNA tests can predict survival rates. As you discover how to cope with multiple myeloma, connect with doctors and support groups for guidance.

Ans: Yes, Kindly adhere to the doctors advice. It is absolutely important to get regular blood tests and other investigations as advised.

Ans: Eat healthy, exercise, protect yourself from infection and look after yourself. Take rest as and when needed.

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Multiple Myeloma - What It Is, Causes and Treatment Options ... - Metropolis Healthcare