Your Stem Cell Questions Answered

There's a lot of fiction surrounding stem-cell facts. To separate one from the other, WebMD has consulted experts including Mahendra Rao, MD, PhD, director of the Center for Regenerative Medicine at the National Institutes of Health; Todd McDevitt, PhD, director of the Stem Cell Engineering Center at Georgia Tech; Mary Laughlin, MD, past president of the International Society for Cellular Therapy; and Joshua Hare, MD, director of the Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute at the University of Miami.

Here are the questions they answered:

A: The term "stem cells" includes many different kinds of cells.

What they have in common is that they have the ability to make other types of cells. No other cell in the body can do that.

Some stem cells can renew themselves and become virtually any cell in the body. Those are called pluripotent stem cells. They include embryonic stem cells.

Other stem cells don't have as much potential for self-renewal and can't make as many types of cells.

The most basic kind of stem cells are the cells that make up an embryo soon after an egg is fertilized. These stem cells divide over and over, eventually making almost all the different cells in the body.

Adult stem cells, in contrast, are "fully differentiated." That means they are what they are and do what they do. They can't choose another career.

In many organs, however, adult stem cells linger throughout life. They are part of the body's internal repair system. Researchers are still working to discover what adult stem cells from various parts of the body can and can't do. Normally, these relatively rare cells act only on the organ or tissue type in which they are found.

Recently, researchers have learned to reprogram adult cells to become pluripotent cells. These cells, called induced pluripotent cells or iPSCs, have many of the same properties as embryonic stem cells. It's not yet clear whether these cells might carry subtle DNA damage that limits their usefulness.

A: Early in development, a fertilized egg becomes an embryo. The embryo is made up of stem cells that divide over and over again, until these stem cells develop into the cells and tissues that become a fetus.

During in-vitro fertilization, eggs taken from a woman's body are fertilized with sperm cells. If not implanted in a woman's womb, these embryos are discarded.

Researchers have learned to take embryonic stem cells from unused in-vitro fertilizations and, in laboratory culture, to get them to make more embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are not taken from fertilized eggs or embryos that have been in a woman's womb.

While embryonic stem cells can become any kind of cell in the body, it's unlikely they would be used directly as treatments. Because they have the ability to divide over and over again, they can become rapidly growing tumors. And because they are in such an early stage of development, they take a long time to become functional adult cells.

However, researchers are learning to coax embryonic stem cells to become more mature stem cells. One clinical trial, for example, matures embryonic stem cells into nerve stem cells. These nerve stem cells are being explored as a treatment for Lou Gehrig's disease.

A: Adult stem cells have some advantages. When they come from your own body, your immune system will probably not try to reject them. And adult stem cells aren't controversial.

But there are several main disadvantages to using adult stem cells:

A: A relatively small number of stem cells taken from the body can be grown in the laboratory until they have created millions and millions of new stem cells. This makes it possible for researchers to explore cell-based therapies.

Cell-based therapies, collectively known as regenerative medicine, hold the promise of repairing or even replacing damaged or diseased organs.

Depending on which tissues they come from, stem cells have very different properties. Those from umbilical cord blood are quite different from those from fat, for example.

A: Yes. Stem cells from bone marrow have long been used to treat certain types of leukemia.

The bone marrow is a rich source of blood stem cells. These cells replace the white blood cells crucial to the immune system.

When used for leukemia, the goal is to to wipe out all of a person's white blood cells with radiation and/or chemotherapy -- and then to replace them with a bone marrow transplant from a matched donor. Stem cells from the donor marrow replace the diseased blood cells with healthy blood cells.

A stem cell product designed to avoid the need for a matched donor recently received limited approval in Canada. The product, Prochymal, appears to rescue bone marrow transplant patients who are rejecting their transplant.

In the U.S., the FDA has approved a product called Hemacord, which contains blood stem cells derived from cord blood. The product is approved for patients with diseases that affect their ability to make new blood cells, such as certain blood cancers and immune disorders.

A: That remains to be seen. Potential dangers include:

There is also risk in some of the procedures used to get stem cells out of the body (such as from liposuction or spinal tap) or to deliver stem cells to the body (such as implanting them in the heart, brain, spinal cord, or other organs). That's not so much about the stem cells, but because of the procedures themselves.

Researchers are studying all of that. Without carefully controlled clinical trials, there's no way to know what might happen in the long term, or even in the short term. That's why the FDA discourages the use of stem cells except in clinical trials or approved therapies.

If you are thinking about pursuing stem cell therapy, talk to your doctor first. In the U.S. and abroad, many clinics offer unproven stem cell treatments that have never been tested for safety or effectiveness.

SOURCES:

Mahendra Rao, MD, PhD, director, Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.

Todd McDevitt, PhD, director, Stem Cell Engineering Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta.

Mary Laughlin, MD, past president of the International Society for Cellular Therapy.

Joshua Hare, MD, director, Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami.

National Institutes of Health web site.

FDA web site.

Pagination

Read more from the original source:
Stem Cells FAQ - WebMD

National Institutes of Health: Stem Cell Information, 2016.

International Society for Stem Cell Research annual meeting, June 26-29, 2019, Los Angeles.

Clinical Trials.gov.

American Academy of Neurology meeting, 2019, Philadelphia.

Anna Kuehl, clinical trial participant, Palos Verdes, CA.

Amir Kashani, MD, PhD, assistant professor of clinical ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California.

James Wells, PhD, professor of pediatrics and chief scientific officer, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital.

Andy McMahon, PhD, director, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California.

Mya Schiess, MD, professor of neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston.

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services: Statement from the Department of Health and Human Services, June 5, 2019.

Statement, FDA, June 25, 2019.

San Francisco Chronicle: Lofty promises, limited results.

Los Angeles Times: Column: California's stem cell program faces an existential moment -- and a chance for reform.

Science Translational Medicine, April 4, 2018.

New England Journal of Medicine, April 18, 2019.

JAMA, June 25, 2019.

Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Winter 2018.

JAMA, June 25, 2019.

Nature Cell Biology, June 17, 2019.

National Institutes of Health: Focus on Stem Cell Research, March 28, 2019.

Follow this link:
Stem Cells and Health Advances: Where Are We Now?

InvestorPlace

A few months ago, I began prodding around the idea of, What are the future FAANG stocks? Weve seen Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL), Amazon (NASDAQ:AMZN) and other tech stocks swell from modest winners to worldwide behemoths. These stocks went from $100 billion to $1 trillion in market capitalization. So many people talk about what it would be like if we had bought Apple in the 1980s or Amazon in 1999. While anyone who did and was able to hold on until now is ridiculously rich, they also sat through a ton of volatility. InvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips Further, investors could have waited until after Apples iPhone moment or Amazons clear dominance of e-commerce and still made a 10x or more return on their investment. Dont believe me? Apple is up over 1,000% over the past decade, while Amazon is up 1,760%. Over just the last five years when it was absurdly clear these two were established leaders Apple and Amazon are up 463% and 442%, respectively. That led me to ponder, what are the next tech stocks that could become new FAANG leaders? Specifically, I am looking for companies in the $50 billion to $300 billion market cap range that can go to $400 billion to $1 trillion or more. Its an admittedly wide range, but who cares these winners are right under our noses. Lets look at seven tech stocks: 7 Safe Stocks to Buy for Solid Returns in Tumultuous Times PayPal (NASDAQ:PYPL) Salesforce (NYSE:CRM) Nvidia (NASDAQ:NVDA) Advanced Micro Devices (NASDAQ:AMD) Roku (NASDAQ:ROKU) Shopify (NYSE:SHOP) Adobe Systems (NASDAQ:ADBE) Tech Stocks to Buy for Future Gains: PayPal (PYPL) Source: JHVEPhoto / Shutterstock.com Current Market Cap: $295 billion Many investors have continued to underestimate PayPal. When it comes to FAANG tech stocks in their younger years, that seems to be a staple observation of them as well. However, PayPal has found a way to become a payment juggernaut. While sending money to friends and family is free and convenient, thats simply one part of the ecosystem. The company also makes a sliver of sales when involving another business or merchant. Its become a safe, trusted and convenient way for businesses to sell online or to make subscriptions a piece of cake. PayPals acquisition of Venmo and Honey have only added to those layers of engagement, while e-commerce will continue to be the main catalyst behind its growth. For those looking at tech stocks, the power and trend of e-commerce doesnt need to be explained. Lastly, PayPals now in the cryptocurrency game, allowing customers to buy and sell Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Etherium and Litecoin. Maybe PayPal wont be able to collect its current fee read: commission on these transactions forever, based on how stock commissions vanished almost overnight in the brokerage industry. However, for now it should act as an additional growth catalyst. Bonus: At a $100 billion market cap, Square (NYSE:SQ) could also be a consideration as a member of new FAANG tech stocks in this respect. Salesforce (CRM) Source: Bjorn Bakstad / Shutterstock.com Current Market Cap: $206 billion. It should go without saying that given the massive gains the stock market has registered over the past nine months, the ideal scenario would be a sizable correction for several of the stocks on this list. However, that doesnt apply to all of them. Take Salesforce for example. This company keeps on printing money as revenue continues to chug higher. For all the doubt that Salesforce has endured over the years, it has done quite well. It doesnt seem like management plans on stopping, either. For instance, management is looking to generate $60 billion in revenue by 2034. Most recently, it aims to scoop up Slack (NYSE:WORK), growing its workstation presence and scaling up its fight against Microsoft (NASDAQ:MSFT). 8 Cheap Stocks to Buy With Your Next Stimulus Check As we are talking about pullbacks, Salesforce is a great example. At the recent low, shares were 25% off the highs. That seems like a great opportunity for a company that continually sports 20%-plus revenue growth. Nvidia (NVDA) Source: Sundry Photography / Shutterstock.com Current Market Cap: $335 billion Admittedly a bit larger than what we were looking for, Nvidia needs to be included on this list. Almost every major technological trend is growing in demand. More internet traffic is creating strain in the cloud, increasing demand for edge-cloud computing. More data is creating more need for datacenters. Increasing self-driving vehicle capabilities demand more computing power. Better computers demand better graphics. The list goes on and on and Nvidia is there at every turn. The companys products cater to multiple end markets with impressive secular growth. Thats why, despite the pandemic, Nvidia saw such an extreme acceleration in both earnings and revenue. Its savvy M&A strategy has allowed it to add high-quality names like Mellanox at reasonable valuations. Now Nvidia is going after Arm, a massive $40 billion deal. Nvidia is already nearing an unstoppable state, but with Arm it would be a juggernaut. From a pure antitrust perspective, Nvidia should be fine. However, this juggernaut position might cause some hiccups. Either way, this is a high-quality name that will only grow in size over time. Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) Source: Sundry Photography / Shutterstock.com Current Market Cap: $111.5 billion For Nvidias smaller sibling, we have Advanced Micro Devices. At about one-third the size, AMD has quickly climbed the ladder while drastically improving its financials. CEO Lisa Su has orchestrated one of the most impressive comeback stories in the stock market. Once left for dead, AMD was trading firmly below the $2 mark in 2016. Now sporting a 52-week high of $99-and-change, the leadership has been stellar. Like Nvidia, AMD is situated in multiple secular growth themes as rising demand in technology results in rising demand for AMD. Also like Nvidia, AMD saw a massive rise in revenue and profit during the pandemic. In one last final comparison to Nvidia, AMD is also working to close a large acquisition. In October, the company agreed to acquire Xilinx for $35 billion. 9 Stocks Selling at a Discount Right Now While it would require years worth of more growth, its not hard to imagine AMD growing to the size of Nvidia ($300 billion). Eventually clearing this level could put it on the lower end of the FAANG status in terms of its size. Roku (ROKU) Source: jejim / Shutterstock.com Current Market Cap: $53 billion Roku is a tough one, because its certainly the smallest name on this list (by a lot) and it just went on a massive rally. Shares are up 90% over the past three months, as Roku has climbed from a market cap of just $28 billion to where it is today. Additionally, investors just dont understand this company. They still think its going head-to-head with Amazon with its stick players. While thats kind of true, the story behind Roku isnt the hardware its the platform. Roku doesnt care if its making money on the hardware. Instead, its focus is on the platform, where it collects fees from content providers and on ad revenue from its free Roku channel. In that respect, growth continues to explode. Analysts expect roughly 50% revenue growth this year, followed by 40% growth in 2021 and 36% growth in 2022. Respectfully, I believe that may be conservative. Bulls will acknowledge that a pullback may be in order (and a potentially large one at that). However, I dont think the top is in for Roku. For AMD I mentioned the lower end of the FAANG status, which would be Netflix (NASDAQ:NFLX). Currently, thats a $250 billion market cap and remember, NFLX is at a new high. I could see a scenario where Roku pulls back 20% to 25% giving it a roughly $40 billion market cap and ultimately roaring on to a $200-plus billion entity. Shopify (SHOP) Source: justplay1412 / Shutterstock.com Current Market Cap: $145 billion There is one problem with Shopify and several other names on this list: The rallies. While the massive rallies great for long-term investors, it makes the stocks susceptible to large pullbacks as well. If and when we get those declines, thats investors opportunity to pounce. For Shopify, the bullish reasoning is multifold. First, Shopify is riding a much large trend e-commerce and therefore will continue to benefit from robust growth. When the coronavirus hit, sales were not negatively impacted. Instead, merchants flocked to its platform, driving Shopifys revenue higher. Second, its building out the anti-Amazon business platform giving merchants big and small power and control of the customer experience. Now the reward here is massive, as Shopify builds out multiple business segments likes shipping, credit, Shopify Pay and others. However, the risk is present as well. That is, can these companies that crave independence from Amazon delivery quality experiences for the customer? In the end, businesses and merchants are at least willing to try. In December 2019 I said investors could buy Shopify despite its lofty valuation. My argument centered on its valuation, saying this name could go from a $40 billion market cap to a $100 to $120 billion market cap in a decade. 7 Safe Stocks to Buy for Solid Returns in Tumultuous Times It was not obvious that the more than tripling in its value would take place in just a few months. In the long, long run, its not hard to imagine this name being significantly higher. Adobe Systems (ADBE) Source: r.classen / Shutterstock.com Current market cap: $228 billion Last but not certainly not least is Adobe. This company does a lot more than just Flash or Photoshop. Its become a mainstay in e-commerce while also becoming a beacon in the graphics, digital and creative landscape. Find me a freelance graphic designer whos not using Adobe. The stock has quietly racked up enormous gains as well. Adobe is up 140% over the past three years and 430% over the past five years. Over the last decade, the stock has rallied more than 1,300%, as its market cap was around $16 billion just 10 years ago. Thats some impressive action and Adobe doesnt show many signs of letting up. Analysts expect double-digit earnings and revenue growth this year and next year, while the company gross margins remain solidly above 85%. While its top-line margins have been steady, its bottom-line profit margins have been soaring. Adobe is quickly yet quietly becoming a technology juggernaut right in front of us. Like some others on this list, the stock has been consolidating nicely over the past six months or so. Lets see if this name can resolve to the upside. On the date of publication, Bret Kenwell held a long position in AAPL, ROKU, CRM and NVDA. Bret Kenwell is the manager and author of Future Blue Chips and is on Twitter @BretKenwell. More From InvestorPlace Why Everyone Is Investing in 5G All WRONG Top Stock Picker Reveals His Next 1,000% Winner It doesnt matter if you have $500 in savings or $5 million. Do this now. The post 7 Tech Stocks That Could Be the Future FAANG appeared first on InvestorPlace.

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Inuvo to Participate at the A.G.P. Virtual Emerging Growth Technology 1x1 Conference on February 4, 2021 - Yahoo Finance

Market Study Report, LLC, has added a detailed study on the Cellular Therapy (CT) market which provides a brief summary of the growth trends influencing the market. The report also includes significant insights pertaining to the profitability graph, market share, regional proliferation and SWOT analysis of this business vertical. The report further illustrates the status of key players in the competitive setting of the Cellular Therapy (CT) market, while expanding on their corporate strategies and product offerings.

The new Cellular Therapy (CT) market research report presents a granular analysis of the business outlook and also covers the world market overview. It throws lights on various market segmentations based on product type, application spectrum, well-established companies, and regions.

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Regional Analysis of Cellular Therapy (CT) market:

Cellular Therapy (CT) Market Segmentation: Americas, APAC, Europe, Middle East & Africa

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Competitive spectrum of the Cellular Therapy (CT) market:

Competitive landscape of Cellular Therapy (CT) market:

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Veterinary Tissue Injury Treatment Market: Introduction

Tissue injury, also known as soft tissue injury, is an injury of tendons, muscles, and ligaments across the body. Soft tissue injury occurs from sprain and strain; and often results in pain, swelling, loss of function, or even bruising. Rise in incidence of soft tissue injury in animals is driving the demand for the treatment of the condition. Muscle tear in animals such as dogs and cats is highly common. This injury can damage the structure of the muscle tissues.

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Minor soft tissue injury is a common reason for limping or lameness of dogs. Soft tissue Injuries include muscle tendon unit injuries, often termed as sprain, strain, and ligaments. According to a research, approximately 25% of cows suffer from the lameness condition. The incidence rate of this condition is considered to be around 55% among cows. The prevalence of dairy cow lameness is estimated to be around 22.1% in the U.K. This is projected to be boost the veterinary tissue injury treatment market in the near future.

Cranial cruciate ligament disease is a common tissue injury identified in dogs. According to the American College of Veterinary Surgeons, 40% to 60% of dogs suffer from cranial cruciate ligament disease in at least one knee. Furthermore, partial tearing of the cranial cruciate ligament is common and progresses over time in dogs. This is likely to drive the demand for the treatment of veterinary tissue injuries in the near future.

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Key Drivers, Restraints, and Opportunities in Global Veterinary Tissue Injury Treatment Market

Rise in prevalence and incidence rate of tissue injury in canine, cattle, horses, and other animals is estimated to drive the global veterinary tissue injury treatment market. Increase in osteochondrosis and other soft tissue injuries in animals, especially in horses and cats, is another factor augmenting the veterinary tissue injury treatment market.

Muscle tear is a common injury in dogs. Bone fracture and deep cuts and laceration complications from surgeries are major reasons for muscle tears in dogs. NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), cold compress, and other therapies are a few treatment options of the muscle tear condition in dogs.

Hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, and arthritis often lead to lameness or limping in dogs. Platelet rich plasma therapy and stem cell therapy are expected to be effective treatments for veterinary tissue injuries. Adoption of these treatments in cattle, canine, horses, and other animals is a major factor that is expected to boost the veterinary tissue injury treatment market.

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North America to Capture Major Share of Global Veterinary Tissue Injury Treatment Market

North America is expected to account for major share of the global veterinary tissue injury treatment market during the forecast period due to rise in prevalence of injuries, sprain, strain, and other diseases in pets, canine, and horses in the region. Availability of NSAIDs for treatment of pain, swelling, and limpness is likely to boost the market in the region. Furthermore, increase in pet ownership in North America is another factor that is expected to propel the market in the region.

Europe is also anticipated to hold large share of the global veterinary tissue injury treatment market during the forecast period. Rise in trauma wounds, animal inflicted injuries, and arthritis in pets is projected to drive the veterinary tissue injury treatment market in the region.

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Key Players Operating in Global Veterinary Tissue Injury Treatment Market

The global veterinary tissue injury treatment market is highly fragmented, with the presence of key players. Major players operating in the global veterinary tissue injury treatment market are:

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Overview for Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Helps in providing scope and definitions, Key Findings, Growth Drivers, and Various Dynamics.

Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Data and Acquisition Research Study with Trends and Opportunities 2019-2024The study of Canine Stem Cell Therapy market is a compilation of the market of Canine Stem Cell Therapy broken down into its entirety on the basis of types, application, trends and opportunities, mergers and acquisitions, drivers and restraints, and a global outreach. The detailed study also offers a board interpretation of the Canine Stem Cell Therapy industry from a variety of data points that are collected through reputable and verified sources. Furthermore, the study sheds a lights on a market interpretations on a global scale which is further distributed through distribution channels, generated incomes sources and a marginalized market space where most trade occurs.

Along with a generalized market study, the report also consists of the risks that are often neglected when it comes to the Canine Stem Cell Therapy industry in a comprehensive manner. The study is also divided in an analytical space where the forecast is predicted through a primary and secondary research methodologies along with an in-house model.

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Key players in the global Canine Stem Cell Therapy market covered in Chapter 4:Aratana TherapeuticsOkyanosMagellan Stem CellsStem Cell VetVetStem BiopharmaMedregoRegeneus LtdMediVet BiologicCell Therapy Sciences

In Chapter 11 and 13.3, on the basis of types, the Canine Stem Cell Therapy market from 2015 to 2026 is primarily split into:Allogeneic Stem CellsAutologous Stem Cells

In Chapter 12 and 13.4, on the basis of applications, the Canine Stem Cell Therapy market from 2015 to 2026 covers:Veterinary HospitalsVeterinary ClinicsVeterinary Research Institutes

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2026) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13:North America (Covered in Chapter 6 and 13)United StatesCanadaMexicoEurope (Covered in Chapter 7 and 13)GermanyUKFranceItalySpainRussiaOthersAsia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 8 and 13)ChinaJapanSouth KoreaAustraliaIndiaSoutheast AsiaOthersMiddle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 9 and 13)Saudi ArabiaUAEEgyptNigeriaSouth AfricaOthersSouth America (Covered in Chapter 10 and 13)BrazilArgentinaColumbiaChileOthersRegional scope can be customized

For a global outreach, the Canine Stem Cell Therapy study also classifies the market into a global distribution where key market demographics are established based on the majority of the market share. The following markets that are often considered for establishing a global outreach are North America, Europe, Asia, and the Rest of the World. Depending on the study, the following markets are often interchanged, added, or excluded as certain markets only adhere to certain products and needs.

Here is a short glance at what the study actually encompasses:Study includes strategic developments, latest product launches, regional growth markers and mergers & acquisitionsRevenue, cost price, capacity & utilizations, import/export rates and market shareForecast predictions are generated from analytical data sources and calculated through a series of in-house processes.

However, based on requirements, this report could be customized for specific regions and countries.

Brief about Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Report with [emailprotected]https://hongchunresearch.com/report/canine-stem-cell-therapy-market-size-2020-112484

Some Point of Table of Content:

Chapter One: Report Overview

Chapter Two: Global Market Growth Trends

Chapter Three: Value Chain of Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market

Chapter Four: Players Profiles

Chapter Five: Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis by Regions

Chapter Six: North America Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter Seven: Europe Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter Eight: Asia-Pacific Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter Nine: Middle East and Africa Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter Ten: South America Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis by Countries

Chapter Eleven: Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Segment by Types

Chapter Twelve: Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Segment by Applications 12.1 Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020) 12.1.1 Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020) 12.1.2 Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020) 12.2 Veterinary Hospitals Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 12.3 Veterinary Clinics Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020) 12.4 Veterinary Research Institutes Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Chapter Thirteen: Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2026) continued

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List of tablesList of Tables and Figures Table Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2020-2026) Figure Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Share by Type in 2019 & 2026 Figure Allogeneic Stem Cells Features Figure Autologous Stem Cells Features Table Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Size Growth by Application (2020-2026) Figure Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Share by Application in 2019 & 2026 Figure Veterinary Hospitals Description Figure Veterinary Clinics Description Figure Veterinary Research Institutes Description Figure Global COVID-19 Status Overview Table Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Canine Stem Cell Therapy Industry Development Table SWOT Analysis Figure Porters Five Forces Analysis Figure Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2026 Table Industry News Table Industry Policies Figure Value Chain Status of Canine Stem Cell Therapy Figure Production Process of Canine Stem Cell Therapy Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Canine Stem Cell Therapy Figure Major Company Analysis (by Business Distribution Base, by Product Type) Table Downstream Major Customer Analysis (by Region) Table Aratana Therapeutics Profile Table Aratana Therapeutics Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Okyanos Profile Table Okyanos Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Magellan Stem Cells Profile Table Magellan Stem Cells Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Stem Cell Vet Profile Table Stem Cell Vet Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table VetStem Biopharma Profile Table VetStem Biopharma Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Medrego Profile Table Medrego Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Regeneus Ltd Profile Table Regeneus Ltd Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table MediVet Biologic Profile Table MediVet Biologic Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Table Cell Therapy Sciences Profile Table Cell Therapy Sciences Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020 Figure Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue ($) and Growth (2015-2020) Table Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales by Regions (2015-2020) Table Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020) Table Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue ($) by Regions (2015-2020) Table Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020) Table Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2015 Table Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019 Figure North America Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Europe Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Asia-Pacific Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Middle East and Africa Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure South America Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure North America Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue ($) and Growth (2015-2020) Table North America Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales by Countries (2015-2020) Table North America Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure North America Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales Market Share by Countries in 2015 Figure North America Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales Market Share by Countries in 2019 Table North America Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue ($) by Countries (2015-2020) Table North America Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure North America Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2015 Figure North America Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019 Figure United States Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Canada Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Mexico Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth (2015-2020) Figure Europe Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue ($) Growth (2015-2020) Table Europe Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales by Countries (2015-2020) Table Europe Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure Europe Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales Market Share by Countries in 2015 Figure Europe Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales Market Share by Countries in 2019 Table Europe Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue ($) by Countries (2015-2020) Table Europe Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure Europe Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2015 Figure Europe Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019 Figure Germany Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure UK Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure France Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Italy Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Spain Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Russia Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Asia-Pacific Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue ($) and Growth (2015-2020) Table Asia-Pacific Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales by Countries (2015-2020) Table Asia-Pacific Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure Asia-Pacific Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales Market Share by Countries in 2015 Figure Asia-Pacific Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales Market Share by Countries in 2019 Table Asia-Pacific Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue ($) by Countries (2015-2020) Table Asia-Pacific Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020) Figure Asia-Pacific Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2015 Figure Asia-Pacific Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019 Figure China Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Japan Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure South Korea Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Australia Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure India Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Southeast Asia Canine Stem Cell Therapy Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020) Figure Middle East and Africa Canine Stem Cell Therapy Revenue ($) and Growth (2015-2020) continued

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Keeping track of all thats going on with clinical trials in the sector and on the ASX can be tricky. Until now.

As life sciences investors know, clinical research is what drives success or failure for biopharmaceutical companies.

Welcome to Stockheads inaugural clinical trials tracker an effort to list the clinical trials underway and planned in the near term for nearly every ASX-listed life sciences company.

Last week, we published all the trials under way or proposed for 2021.

As a small-cap publication, weve excluded research by CSL (ASX:CSL) from this tracker. Readers interested in the 25 different clinical trials underway by the $122 billion blood products giant can find a list here.

We also dont include pre-clinical research such as that conducted on animals or human cells in a test tube (in vivo and in vitro tests).

Today, for those who like a longer view, weve pulled together the best idea we can of those trials slated for 2022-2025.

Heres your look into our medical future.

Clinical Trials Tracker: First-quarter 2022

Noxopharm (ASX:NOX) interim results from the DARRT-2 phase 2 study evaluating escalating doses of Noxopharms Veyonda suppository in conjunction with radiotherapy to induce an anti-cancer immunological response in 100 to 150 cancer patients.

Second-quarter 2022

Hexima (ASX:HXL) Phase 2b clinical trial testing its plant defensin peptide HXP-124 in 132 Australian and New Zealand patients with toenail fungal infections (onychomycosis). Coronavirus travel restrictions have delayed enrollment in the trial, with results are now expected in the second quarter of next year. Hexima listed in December 2020.

2022

AdAlta (ASX:1AD) phase 1 clinical trial testing the Melbourne biotechs AD-214 drug candidate which mimics a protein first found in sharks in about 98 patients with interstitial lung disease. Dosing of 34 healthy volunteers finished in December.

Ecofibre (ASX:EOF) phase 2 Coala-T-CBD study, testing the effect of CBD gelcaps on up 100 patients suffering from chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a painful common side effect from the cancer treatment. Ecofibre says the research, being conducted at the Lankenau Institute for Medical Research in Philadelphia, USA, is the first in the United States to study the impact of hemp-derived full-spectrum CBD on CIPN.

Pharmaxis (ASX:PXS) phase 1/2 clinical trial evaluating the companys drug candidate PXS-5505 in the treatment of 24 patients with myelofibrosis, a bone marrow cancer.

Telix Pharmaceuticals (ASX:TLX) phase 2 trial evaluating if Telixs diagnostic research agent can show prostate cancer on a PET/CT scan even when PSA levels are very low.

Late 2022

Kazia Therapeutics (ASX:KZA) phase 1 trial assessing its paxalisib in combination with radiation therapy in 36 patients with solid brain tumours.

Clinical Trials Tracker: 2022/2023

Kazia Results from the paxalisib arm of GBM AGILE study, which is assessing new therapies for the aggressive brain cancer glioblastoma. Up to 200 patients will be treated with paxalisib, and these will be compared to a roughly similar number of patients in a control group. Kazia said in January 2021 that the enrollment was expected to last 30 to 36 months, although the study could conclude earlier.

First-quarter 2023

Paradigm Biopharmaceuticals (ASX:PAR) phase 3 study evaluating Zilosul in patients with osteoarthritis. The study will recruit from up to 55 sites in the USA and up to 10 in Australia.

Clinical Trials Tracker: 2023

Chimeric Therapeutics (ASX:CHM) phase 1 dose escalation study of the newly listed CAR T companys cell study in approximately 18 patients with glioblastoma, an aggressive brain tumour.

Cynata Therapeutics (ASX:CYP) phase 3 SCUlpTOR clinical trial evaluating Cynatas CYP-004 stem cell infusion in up to 440 Australian patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.

Late 2023

Mesoblast (ASX:MSB) phase 1b/2a study testing remestemcel-L stem cell infusions in 24 patients with Crohns colitis.

Clinical Trials Tracker: 2024

Kazia St Jude Childrens Research Hospital phase 1 study testing Kazias GDC-0084 drug in 27 pediatric patients with a high-grade brain tumour known as a diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.

Clinical Trials Tracker: 2025

Kazia phase 2 study testing Kazias PI3K inhibitor GDC-0084 in 150 patients with solid tumors that have spread to the brain.

Telix Phase 2 trial evaluating the effectiveness of a PET/CT scan using fluciclovine in planning radiation therapy for patients with prostate cancer.

Clinical Trials Tracker: Studies planned to begin in 2021

Actinogen Medical (ASX:ACW) said in December it was planning to commence two phase 2 trials in the first half of 2021, testing Xanamem to treat mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimers disease and anxiety, sleep and behavioral problems in adolescents with Selected Fragile X syndrome. The companys lead compound, Xamamem blocks the production of a stress hormone in the brain.

Alterity Therapeutics (ASX:ATH)said in October it was working towards a phase 2 clinical trial evaluating its lead compound in the treatment of Multiple System Atrophy, a neurodegenerative disease similar to Parkinsons.

Antara Lifesciences (ASX:ANR) said in December it is planning a study evaluating its colon-targeted formulation in adults with depression or anxiety.

Auscann (ASX:AC8) says an investigator-led phase 2a study into its hard-shell cannabis capsules to treat chronic neuropathic pain is expected to begin in the second quarter of 2021.

Botanix Pharmaceuticals (ASX:BOT) has a phase 3 study planned into its BTX 1503 antimicrobial synthetic cannabis formulation to treat moderate to severe acne. The medical marijuana company has met with the FDA over the design of the study and says it is poised to begin once COVID-19 restrictions are lifted in Australia and New Zealand.

Botanix also said in December it plans to begin in the near future a phase 1b study evaluating its antimicrobial gel to treat rosacea, an inflammatory skin condition.

Dimerix (ASX:DXB) is planning for a phase 3 study of its drug candidate DMX-200 to treat a rare kidney disease known as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, or FSGS. The trial is scheduled begin in the first half of 2021, with interim data due next year, and the results could form the basis of a new drug approval submission.

Immuron (ASX:IMC) has two clinical trials planned to evaluate the efficacy of its drug in moderate to severe campylobacteriosis and infectious diarrhea caused by e.coli bacteria.

Incannex Healthcare (ASX:IHL) in December announced it was partnering with Monash University to conduct a world-first trial testing magic mushrooms, or psilocybin, to treat generalised anxiety disorder in 72 patients.

Invex Therapeutics (ASX:IXC) said in December it was planning a phase 3 study investigating the diabetes drug Exenatide to treat raised intracranial pressure, a condition that can cause debilitating headaches. The treatment passed a phase 2 clinical trial last year.

Medlab Clinical (ASX:MDC) is preparing for a phase 3 trial to study the use of its cannabis-based NanBis formulation to treat cancer-induced bone pain, and expects to begin recruitment this year.

MGC Pharma (ASX:MXC) said in December it was evaluating holding a phase 3 trial testing the use of its ArtemiC anti-inflammatory treatment, following a successful phase 2 trial.

Neurotech (ASX:NTI) plans in the first quarter of 2021 to begin phase 1 clinical trials evaluating compounds from its novel Dolce/NTI strains of hemp to treat neurological disorders.

Neuroscientific Biopharmaceuticals (ASX:NSB) has said it plans this year to begin two phase 1 studies evaluating its regenerative peptide, EmtinB, in both ocular and neurology conditions.

Noxopharm announced in November it was partnering with Bristol Myers Squibb (NYSE:BMY) to test its Veyonda suppository in conjunction with Bristol Myers nivolumab in 30 cancer patients. The first patients will be recruited early this year for the IONIC-1 study, but theres been no word on how long it will last.

Opthea (ASX:OPT) plans to begin two phase 3 trials in early 2021 assessing OPT-302 to treat wet age-related mascular degeneration. Each trials will enroll at least 900 patients worldwide and follow them for two years, so would presumably read out in 2023.

Patrys (ASX:PAB) said in November it expects to begin a phase 1 clinical trial into its PAT-DX1 anticancer antibody drug candidate in the first half of 2022.

PharmAust (ASX:PAA) said in December that in October 2021 it would begin a phase 1/2 clinical trial evaluating the use of monepantel to treat motor neuron diseases such as Lou Gehrigs disease/ALS.

Race Oncology (ASX:RAC) is investigating the cost and scope of a proof of concept phase 1/2 clinical trial testing its flagship drug Bisantrene in combination with the chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide.

Vectus Biosystems (ASX:VBS) said in November it had hired Syneos Health (NASDAQ:SYNH) to conduct a phase 1 safety study of its VB0004 drug candidate to treat fibrosis.

At Stockhead we tell it like it is. While Dimerix, Neuroscientific, Neurotech and Incannex are Stockhead advertisers, they did not sponsor this article.

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Clinical Trials Tracker: 2022 and beyond - Stockhead

Life for Miro, a 5-year-old German shepherd, has been what his owner describes as an emotional roller coaster over the past two years. Several peaks and valleys have dotted his metaphorical landscape as he has gone from premiere fitness to dealing with injuries and disease. But a clinical trial at the UC Davis veterinary hospital may have put him back on a positive track.

Working as a patrol dog with his handler/owner Martin Gilbertson, a ranger with California State Parks, Miro spent three years performing duties that required him to be at the top of his game. In early 2019, he was just that, having won the top dog award for his department.

By that summer, however, things started declining for Miro. He was diagnosed with lumbosacral intervertebral disc disease that caused spinal cord compression. UC Davis veterinary neurosurgeons performed a surgical decompression, and Miro eventually recovered after a lengthy recuperation period.

Miro with his handler Martin Gilbertson

Life was great, said Gilbertson. By early December 2019, Miro was cleared to return to work. I thought all the troubles were behind us.

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It only took a few weeks, though, until the roller coaster cleared a peak and started to descend.

In late December 2019, Miro collapsed for no apparent reason and started shaking in a way Gilbertson had never seen. So, the pair returned to UC Davis where Miro was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis, a disease in which there is a malfunction in the transmission of signals between the nerves and muscles. This causes muscle weakness, and an inability to walk or run properly, as well as potentially devastating neuromuscular disorders.

Gilbertson was devastated.

To go from the pinnacle of our profession to potentially being a couch potato at best for the rest of his life was a real gut check, he said.

But hope appeared a few weeks later when Neurology/Neurosurgery Service faculty members Drs. Pete Dickinson and Bev Sturges informed Gilbertson of a myasthenia gravis clinical trial they were beginning with the help of the schools Center for Companion Animal Health (CCAH) and the Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures.

I thought, What do we have to lose? stated Gilbertson. Dr. Dickinson told me that Miro would be the first dog to ever receive this new treatment. We were excited and grateful to be able to participate.

A computer program shows Miro's stride pattern on the Tekscan Strideway pressure walkway.

Over the next few months, Miro received three stem cell treatments, as well as traditional medications to treat myasthenia gravis. Additionally, part of Miros recovery involved examining his gait, which utilized a new piece of equipment aimed at better analyzing a dogs stride pattern. Thanks to CCAH funding, the school recently acquired a Tekscan Strideway pressure walkway that allows clinicians and researchers to better gauge a patients step pattern and make decisions about their optimal care and recovery. To fully understand a patients gait abnormalities associated with injuries or neuromuscular diseases, veterinarians and researchers rely on objective, quantitative ways to assess locomotor function. The Strideway system complements the force plates in the schools J.D. Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, which captures extensive information, but only for one gait step. The new pressure walkway expands the capabilities to quantify pressure, vertical force, and stride parameters (timing and spacing) on all limbs for several strides during walking, trotting or landing. Miros progress was able to be tracked with pinpoint accuracy throughout his recovery.

Before the trial, Miro could only walk about 10 steps before falling down. After the trial, he seemed fully recovered, and blood tests revealed no trace of antibodies to the disease. While the disease may not be completely gone from his system, the clinical trial seems to have repressed the disease to a point where it no longer inhibits Miro from his normal activities. Retired from his job, Miro now enjoys life as a family pet.

It is true that Miro is now in remission, but until more analysis of data is completed, it is still too early to determine if the stem cells were the driving force behind his recovery, since they were administered at the same time as standard-of-care medications. Miros results are being closely examined, along with the results of two other dogs that have completed the trial, to see if this stem cells treatment truly can be considered a cure for myasthenia gravis. Regardless of the final outcome of the study, Miros recovery, in one way or another, came from a novel combination of treatments pioneered at UC Davis.

Go here to read the rest:
Novel Treatment Leads to Dog's Recovery - The Bark

Articles OnMS Alternative and Complementary Therapies MS Alternative and Complementary Therapies MS Alternative and Complementary Therapies - Stem Cell Therapies for MS

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease. Your immune system attacks your central nervous system and damages your nerve fibers. That makes it hard for your brain to "talk" with the rest of your body and causes symptoms like weakness, tingling or numbness in your limbs, trouble speaking, chronic pain, depression, and vision loss.

Several medications are used to treat MS. They can cause serious side effects, and over time, they can stop working for some people. But a new treatment involving stem cells may work for people who have relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and haven't been helped by other medicines.

With RRMS, you'll have no symptoms or very mild ones for a periodof time. Then you'll have severe symptoms, which is called a relapse, for a short while. RRMS eventually can turn into another form of the disease, where your symptoms don't ever go away.

Stem cells can turn into different kinds of cells in your body. Hematopoietic stem cells make blood cells. Some doctors use a type of stem cell treatment called hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to treat RRMS. But more research is needed to know how well HSCT works against it.

With HSCT, doctors give you medication to help you make more bone marrow stem cells. Then they take some blood and save the stem cells from it to use later. You'll next get high doses of chemotherapy and other strong medications to severely slow down your immune system. This is done in a hospital, and you may need to stay there up to 11 days.

Your doctor puts the stem cells into your bloodstream so they can become new white blood cells and help your body build a new, healthy immune system. You'll also get medicines like antibiotics to help fight off infections and other illnesses until your immune system can do its job again.

Treatment usually takes several weeks. Recovery may take several months. Every person is different, but when treatment is successful, your immune system should be back to full strength in 3 to 6 months.

HSCT doesn't work for everyone with MS. Most people who get it are taking part in research studies called clinical trials that test if a treatment or medication is safe and effective.

One trial of 24 people with RRMS found that 69% who had stem cell therapy didn't have a relapse in MS symptoms or new brain lesions, which are caused by MS, 5 years after treatment.

Scientists are also looking for other ways to use stem cells to treat the disease.

Stem cell therapy has serious risks. During HSCT, your immune system isn't at full strength. That raises your chances of getting an infection.

A weak immune system also ups your odds of kidney, lung, or gastrointestinal (gut) problems as well assepsis, a serious and potentially deadly reaction to an infection. That's why some experts say more research needs to be done before stem cell therapy becomes a standard treatment for MS.

No. It's still considered experimental. Some clinics in other countries use HSCT for MS. But only a few medical centers in the U.S. offer it, and only for people who meet certain requirements.

For example, you might be a candidate if you have highly inflammatory RRMS. That means you've had serious MS relapses and your symptoms have gotten worse quickly because other treatments haven't helped. You probably will need to have had MS for 10 years or less and be able to walk.

Ask your doctor about clinical trials that are testing HSCT. These trials are a way for people to try new medicines that aren't available to everyone. They can tell you if one of them might be a good fit for you.

SOURCES:

National Institutes of Health: "Stem Cell Transplant Induces Multiple Sclerosis Transmission," "What Are Clinical Trials?"

National Multiple Sclerosis Society: "Stem Cells Hold Promise for MS," "FAQ about HSCT (Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy) in MS."

Tisch MS Research Center of New York: "FDA Advises Tisch MS Research Center to March On: Preparation to Begin For Phase II of Stem Cell Trial For MS."

Health News from NHS Choices: "Risky Stem Cell Treatment 'Halts Progress of Multiple Sclerosis.'"

Multiple Sclerosis News Today: "HSCT for MS From the Inside: A Patient's View."

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Stem Cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Treatment

By Amy Norton HealthDay Reporter

THURSDAY, Jan. 21, 2021 (HealthDay News) -- Stem cell transplants may have long-lasting benefits for some people with aggressive cases of multiple sclerosis, a new study suggests.

Italian researchers found that among 210 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who received a stem cell transplant -- with cells from their own blood -- two-thirds saw no worsening in their disability 10 years out.

That included 71% of patients with relapsing-remitting MS, the most common form of the disease.

The sustained level of effectiveness is "pretty dramatic," said Bruce Bebo, executive vice-president of research programs for the National Multiple Sclerosis Society.

At the same time, there are important caveats, said Bebo, who was not involved in the study.

For one, the patients were not part of a clinical trial that directly tested stem cell transplants against standard MS medications. They all underwent transplants at various Italian medical centers between 1997 and 2019.

So it's unclear exactly how such transplants measure up against the most effective MS drugs now available.

Beyond that, Bebo said there are ongoing questions about which MS patients are the best candidates for a transplant, and the optimal timing for it.

Those are no small matters, since a stem cell transplant is a major undertaking, he pointed out.

"And it's not reversible, like a medication you can change when it's not working," Bebo said.

MS is a neurological disorder caused by a misguided immune system attack on the body's own myelin -- the protective sheath around nerve fibers in the spine and brain. That leads to symptoms such as vision problems, muscle weakness, numbness, and difficulty with balance and coordination.

About 85% of people with MS initially have the relapsing-remitting form, according to the MS society. That means symptoms flare for a time and then ease. Most people, though, eventually transition to a progressive form of the disease, and their disability worsens over time.

Why treat MS with a stem cell transplant? Stem cells from the bone marrow are the building blocks of the immune system, and the goal of the transplant is to "reboot" the faulty immune system, Bebo explained.

The procedure involves removing stem cells from a patient's own blood, then using powerful chemotherapy drugs to knock down the existing immune system.

After that, the stored stem cells are infused back into the patient, and the immune system rebuilds itself over time.

It requires a long hospital stay, plus a period of months when patients are severely immunocompromised, Bebo said.

In the current study, three patients died after their transplant, though none occurred after 2007.

"This is important evidence," said Dr. Alexander Rae-Grant, a neurologist and fellow of the American Academy of Neurology. "But it doesn't prove [stem cell transplant] is better than the standard treatments we currently have."

Still, Rae-Grant said, the longer-term data do offer some reassurance on the safety of the procedure for MS patients, and additional evidence that it is "a reasonable approach."

Like Bebo, he pointed to the bigger-picture issue: When is it best to try a stem cell transplant?

Right now, Rae-Grant said, the general thinking is that the approach may be best for patients with relapsing-remitting MS who are relatively young and have "very active" disease despite medication.

The trick, according to Rae-Grant, is to strike a balance: Doctors would not want to be overly aggressive in using stem cell transplants, but would also want to intervene early enough to forestall disability as much as possible.

Clinical trials, including one in the United States called BEAT-MS, are underway to directly test stem cell transplant against the most effective MS medications.

Ideally, eligible patients would get into a clinical trial, said Dr. Matilde Inglese, one of the researchers on the current study.

Otherwise, they should consult one of the small number of medical centers with extensive experience in using the procedure for MS, said Inglese, head of the Multiple Sclerosis Center at the University of Genoa, in Italy.

Bebo stressed that point. This is not, he said, an undertaking that can be done at self-described "stem cell clinics" that advertise their services for various conditions.

Even when done at a reputable medical center, other issues loom, including cost.

Bebo said he's seen figures in the $150,000 to $250,000 range, and people may or may not be able to get their insurance to cover it.

The findings were published online Jan. 20 in Neurology.

More information

The National Multiple Sclerosis Society has more on stem cell transplants for MS.

SOURCES: Matilde Inglese, MD, PhD, head, Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Genoa, Italy, and adjunct professor, neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City; Bruce Bebo, PhD, executive vice-president, research programs, National Multiple Sclerosis Society, New York City; Alexander Rae-Grant, MD, fellow, American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis; Neurology, Jan. 20, 2021, online

WebMD News from HealthDay

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Stem Cell Therapy: A Breakthrough Against MS?