His quality of life was significantly improved and Oles owner noted that VetStem Cell Therapy exceeded her expectations.

POWAY, Calif. (PRWEB) November 05, 2019

Ole, a German Shepherd, was demonstrating signs of osteoarthritis in April 2019. He was lame and stiff and had difficulty with stairs and jumping. Though his energy level and his willingness to play were normal, it was clear that he was in pain.

Oles owner took him to veterinary surgeon Dr. Holly Mullen of VCA Emergency Animal Hospital and Referral Center in San Diego, California. Dr. Mullen is an experienced VetStem user and has provided VetStem Cell Therapy services for over sixty patients. Upon examination, Dr. Mullen diagnosed Ole with severe osteoarthritis in his hips as a result of hip dysplasia. In patients with joint dysplasia, the affected joint is malformed causing the bone to rub irregularly, which can eventually lead to osteoarthritis. Ole was also diagnosed with osteoarthritis in his lower, or lumbar, spine. It was apparent that these issues were causing Ole discomfort.

In an effort to provide relief, Dr. Mullen recommended Ole receive VetStem Cell Therapy. Adipose-, or fat-derived, stem cell therapy is used by veterinarians to treat osteoarthritis and soft tissue injuries. VetStem Cell Therapy utilizes a patients natural healing cells which may reduce inflammation, block pain, and regenerate damaged joint tissues.

To begin the process, Dr. Mullen extracted fat from Oles abdomen in a minimally invasive anesthetic procedure. The fat was delivered to the VetStem laboratory in Poway, California where it was received and aseptically processed by trained VetStem laboratory technicians. Oles stem cells were extracted and concentrated from his fat tissue and dosed out into an injection that was delivered back to Dr. Mullen. Within 48 hours of the initial fat collection, Ole received one intravenous injection of his own stem cells.

As a follow up to his first injection, Ole received additional stem cell injections approximately two months later. This time he received one injection into each hip, injections along the muscles in his back, as well as an intravenous injection.

In a 90-day post stem cell therapy evaluation (approximately 90 days after the first treatment), Oles owner reported that he was no longer stiff or painful. She also noticed an improvement in his ability to go up and down the stairs, walk, and jump. His quality of life was significantly improved and Oles owner noted that VetStem Cell Therapy exceeded her expectations.

Dr. Mullens findings were similar at the 90-day examination. She stated, He is doing great! He runs around [the owners] acreage every day with no overt lameness and no signs of painhes strongly ambulatory with a bouncy gait.

Like Ole, many dogs suffer from osteoarthritis and unfortunately, treatment options are somewhat limited. For these patients, VetStem Cell Therapy may be an option. According to owners and veterinarians, greater than 80% of dogs showed an improved quality of life after receiving VetStem Cell Therapy for orthopedic conditions. Stem cells are regenerative cells that can differentiate into many tissue types, reduce pain and inflammation, help to restore range of motion, and stimulate regeneration of tendon, ligament and joint tissues. In a peer-reviewed study of dogs with chronic osteoarthritis of the hip, it was found that stem cells reduced lameness and pain.

About Holly Mullen, DVM, DACVSDr. Mullen received her DVM from Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine in 1985. She completed a small animal medicine and surgery internship as well as a residency in small animal surgery at the Animal Medical Center in New York City. In 1990, she became a board-certified veterinary surgeon. Dr. Mullen has been providing VetStem Cell Therapy for over a decade.

About VetStem Biopharma, Inc.VetStem Biopharma is a veterinarian-led Company that was formed in 2002 to bring regenerative medicine to the profession. This privately held biopharmaceutical enterprise, based near San Diego, California, currently offers veterinarians an autologous stem cell processing service (from patients own fat tissue) among other regenerative modalities. With a unique expertise acquired over the past 15 years and 17,000 treatments by veterinarians for joint, tendon or ligament issues, VetStem has made regenerative medicine applications a therapeutic reality. The VetStem team is focused on developing new clinically practical and affordable veterinary solutions that leverage the natural restorative abilities present in all living creatures. In addition to its own portfolio of patents, VetStem holds exclusive global veterinary licenses to a large portfolio of issued patents in the field of regenerative medicine.

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Canine Stem Cell Therapy market report includes the estimation of market size for value and volume. Further, the report explains statistical forecasts, major trends, regional marketing analysis, and Canine Stem Cell Therapy industry based on Strengths, Weaknesses, industry internal and external environments. Those data are further broken down with manufacturing base distribution, Canine Stem Cell Therapy production area and product type. Major points like market situation and trends, concentration rate mergers, expansion which is basic Canine Stem Cell Therapy information to grow/establish a business is also provided.

Companies operating in the Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market are focusing on merger and acquisitions and new product launches to gain competitive advantage. The Canine Stem Cell Therapy report offers accurately prepared statistics that show the comparison of the aforementioned estimations for all years of the forecast period 2019-2025. numerous factors area unit accountable for the Canine Stem Cell Therapy markets growth, that area unit studied well during this analysis report.

VETSTEM BIOPHARMA, Cell Therapy Sciences, Regeneus, Aratana Therapeutics, Medivet Biologics, Okyanos, Vetbiologics, VetMatrix, Magellan Stem Cells, ANIMAL CELL THERAPIES, Stemcellvet

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Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Trends and Analysis to (2019-2025) - Pledge Times

As concerns over antibiotic resistance grow, equine veterinarians look for ways to treat wounds without reaching for these powerful drugs. At the 2019 British Equine Veterinary Association Congress, held Sept. 11-14 in Birmingham, U.K., Dean Hendrickson, DVM, Dipl. ACVS, described ways to do just this, ranging from debridement to stem cell therapy.Debridement

The best way to deal with bacteria is to get rid of them, said Hendrickson, a professor in the Clinical Sciences Department at Colorado State Universitys Veterinary Teaching Hospital, in Fort Collins.

We have a tendency in veterinary medicine to want to kill the bacteria in situ, but Im going to encourage you to remove them and throw them away and dont let the patient have to deal with them at all, he advised the audience.

Veterinarians can remove bacteria through debridement (removing the affected tissue), of which there are several types:

Autolytic debridement. This process uses the bodys own enzymes and moisture to liquefy and remove necrotic (dead) tissue. Hendrickson said its the most selective way to remove bacteria and dead cells while leaving healthy cells.

All youre doing is leaving the healthy wound exudate (liquid the body produces in response to tissue damage) in contact with the wound bed to accomplish this, he said. The normal white blood cells and proteolytic enzymes that occur in wound exudate are your best friends with regard to removing small doses of bacteria and small amounts of necrotic tissue.

To achieve autolytic debridement, you must keep the wound environment moist (but not soupy), which you can do using dressings. If the wound has a lot of necrotic tissue, however, then youll need to use a more aggressive form of debridement, said Hendrickson.

Biological debridement. This method involves using an organism, such as maggots, to remove dead tissue.

It still amazes me how effective maggot debridement is and how rarely we actually use it, said Hendrickson. When a horse comes into the clinic with maggots in its wound, he said people tend to get squeamish and try to remove them, but these guys are doing their jobtheyre getting rid of the necrotic tissue (and pathogenic bacteria). Theres a lot of value to that, and its very rapid and selective.

Enzymatic (chemical) debridement. With this method, veterinarians apply manufactured proteolytic enzymes to the wound to break down devitalized tissue.

This is another great way (to debride wounds), but we dont tend to use it very frequently in veterinary medicine because of the cost of the enzymes, said Hendrickson. Studies have found it to be very effective at reducing bacteria but not as good as autolytic debridement. So the body in and of itself is the best way to go if you have low levels of bacteria.

Mechanical debridement. This technique involves using force to remove tissue. Examples include wet-to-dry dressings and wound irrigation. Its something we do really well in veterinary medicine, almost to a fault, he explained. We scrub, we lavage, and we cause a significant amount of trauma to the wound bed.

On the plus side, mechanical debridement is inexpensive and effective. The downside? It can cause shear stresses to the underlying granulation (scar) tissue, which can lead to further problems down the road, Hendrickson said.

He recommended using the minimal amount of force and pressure necessary.

Sharp debridement. This method involves using tools such as scalpels or curettes to physically remove tissue. Its the most aggressive form of debridement and the most effective way to remove large amounts of bacteria and necrotic tissue, said Hendrickson.

Theres a lot of value to wound debridementthat should be your first step toward reducing bacteria numbers and necrotic tissue, he said. We should not be bathing them with local or systemic antimicrobials. Remove the infected tissue thats there.

Veterinarians can use a variety of debridement dressings to help remove bacteria and dead tissue. Ones Hendrickson said are useful include:

Hypertonic saline. This solution comprises 20% saline, which you can buy commercially or make yourself using salt and water.

The idea is the hypertonic environment created by this saline will kill the bacteria because theyre unable to deal with that environment, and it will also remove the necrotic tissue, Hendrickson said.

While these are highly effective, he said theyre less selective than autolytic, biologic, or enzymatic dressings. He also cautioned against overusing them, because they have the potential to be toxic.

Honey. This substance is both hypertonic and antimicrobial. It can help heal burns, for instance, faster and with fewer adverse effects than other dressings, said Hendrickson.

Researchers have performed a variety of studies confirming the efficacy of honeys such as manuka honey. Further, said Hendrickson, theres some recent evidence out there that shows that local raw honey is more effective at killing local bacteria than medical grade honey.

Polyhexanides (e.g., polyhexamethylene biguanide, or PHMB). Certain sterile antimicrobial dressings are very effective at killing bacteria, even multidrug-resistant varieties. Theyre not antiseptics and should not be confused with them, said Hendrickson.

He then provided the audience with smart antibiotic use tips for when they do need these drugs to combat infection, starting with a sensitivity culture to identify the specific bacteria.

Whether its systemic or local antibiotic therapy, do a culture to know whats happening, then always use the simplest, lowest level of antibiotic possible, he said. While your first dressing might require using an antibiotic you cant pick because you dont know whats there, at least try to get a culture so you can make the decision later on.

Only use antibiotics for short periodstwo weeks or less, he said.

As for topical antibiotics, he recommended using silver dressings or, preferably, triple antibiotic, which hasnt seen much resistance over the decades its been in use.

Hendrickson also reviewed promising studies looking at mesenchymal (embryonic connective tissue) stem cell use in wound treatment: The one place there is evidence for stem cells is in the reduction of bacteria numbers in wounds.

There are lots of ways to reduce bioburden (number of bacteria) in wounds, said Hendrickson. I think wound debridement is the best way to accomplish that. Get rid of the necrotic tissue, and dont use antiseptics in your wounds, because they just create more necrosis, thereby encouraging the number of bacteria forming.

And if you do have to resort to antibiotic administration, choose your antimicrobials well, and use them sparingly, he said.

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Future Outlook: Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market 2019- 2025| Research Methodologies Offers High Business Outlook growth - Pledge Times

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Trimmers Market Top Impacting Factors to Growth of the Industry by 2025 - Health News Office

Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market reports provide in-depth analysis of Top Players, Geography, End users, Applications, Competitor analysis, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin, Market Share, Import-Export data, Trends and Forecast.

Firstly, the Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Report provides a basic overview of the industry including definitions, classifications, applications and chain structure. The Canine Stem Cell Therapy market analysis is provided for the international markets including development trends, competitive landscape analysis, and key regions development status.

The Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy market report analyzes and researches the Canine Stem Cell Therapy development status and forecast in United States, EU, Japan, China, India and Southeast Asia.

The Global Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market report focuses on global major leading industry players providing information such as company profiles, product picture and specification, capacity, production, price, cost, revenue and contact information. Upstream raw materials and equipment and downstream demand analysis is also carried out.

Major players profiled in the report are VETSTEM BIOPHARMA, Cell Therapy Sciences, Regeneus, Aratana Therapeutics, Medivet Biologics, Okyanos, Vetbiologics, VetMatrix, Magellan Stem Cells, ANIMAL CELL THERAPIES, Stemcellvet.

On the basis of products, report split into, Canine Stem Cell Therapy.

On the basis of the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, consumption (sales), market share and growth rate for each application, including Veterinary Hospitals, Veterinary Clinics, Veterinary Research Institutes.

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Key Stakeholders as per this report are Canine Stem Cell Therapy Manufacturers, Canine Stem Cell Therapy Distributors/Traders/Wholesalers, Canine Stem Cell Therapy Subcomponent Manufacturers, Industry Association, Downstream Vendors.

The Canine Stem Cell Therapy industry development trends and marketing channels are analyzed. Finally, the feasibility of new investment projects are assessed and overall research conclusions offered.

With the tables and figures, the report provides key statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.

Development policies and plans, manufacturing processes and cost structures are also analyzed. This report also states import/export consumption, supply and demand figures, cost, price, revenue and gross margins.

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Canine Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis by Key Players, Types, Applications and Growth Opportunities to 2025 - TheFinanceTime

Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. (NASDAQ:BCLI) and OPKO Health Inc. (NASDAQ:OPK) have been rivals in the Biotechnology for quite some time. Below is a review of each business including various aspects such as analyst recommendations, profitability, institutional ownership, risk, dividends, earnings and valuation.

Earnings and Valuation

Demonstrates Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. and OPKO Health Inc. earnings per share (EPS), gross revenue and valuation.

Profitability

Table 2 shows us the return on equity, net margins and return on assets of both companies.

Risk & Volatility

Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc.s current beta is 1.19 and it happens to be 19.00% more volatile than S&P 500. OPKO Health Inc.s 2.13 beta is the reason why it is 113.00% more volatile than S&P 500.

Liquidity

The Current Ratio and a Quick Ratio of Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. are 1 and 1. Competitively, OPKO Health Inc. has 1.1 and 1 for Current and Quick Ratio. OPKO Health Inc.s better ability to pay short and long-term obligations than Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc.

Analyst Ratings

Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. and OPKO Health Inc. Ratings and Recommendations are available on the next table.

The upside potential is 147.25% for Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. with consensus target price of $9.

Insider & Institutional Ownership

Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. and OPKO Health Inc. has shares held by institutional investors as follows: 11.4% and 26.4%. Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc.s share held by insiders are 0.6%. Competitively, insiders own roughly 5.5% of OPKO Health Inc.s shares.

Performance

Here are the Weekly, Monthly, Quarterly, Half Yearly, Yearly and YTD Performance of both pretenders.

For the past year Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. has 12.96% stronger performance while OPKO Health Inc. has -29.9% weaker performance.

Summary

OPKO Health Inc. beats Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. on 7 of the 11 factors.

Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc., a biotechnology company, develops adult stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative disorders that include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinsons disease, and others. The company holds rights to develop and commercialize its NurOwn technology through a licensing agreement with Ramot of Tel Aviv University Ltd. Its NurOwn technology is based on a novel differentiation protocol, which induces differentiation of the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-supporting cells and secreting cells that release various neurotrophic factors, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and hepatocyte growth factor for the growth, survival, and differentiation of developing neurons. The company was formerly known as Golden Hand Resources Inc. and changed its name to Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. in November 2004 to reflect its new line of business in the development of novel cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. was founded in 2000 and is headquartered in Hackensack, New Jersey.

OPKO Health, Inc., a healthcare company, engages in the diagnostics and pharmaceuticals business in the United States, Ireland, Chile, Spain, Israel, and Mexico. The companys Diagnostics segment operates Bio-Reference Laboratories, a clinical laboratory that offers laboratory testing services in the detection, diagnosis, evaluation, monitoring, and treatment of diseases. The Bio-Reference Laboratories also provides core genetic testing and leverage products, such as the 4Kscore prostate cancer test and the Claros 1 in-office immunoassay platform. The companys pharmaceutical segment offers Rayaldee, a treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism in adults with stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease patients with vitamin D deficiency; and VARUBI for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. This segment is also developing TT401, which is in Phase II clinical trials for type 2 diabetes and obesity; TT701, an androgen receptor modulator that is in Phase II clinical trials for androgen deficiency indications; and hGH-CTP, a growth hormone injection that is in Phase III clinical trials. In addition, it engages in developing and commercializing hGH-CTP, a recombinant human growth hormone product that is in Phase III; developing Factor VIIa drug for hemophilia that is in Phase IIa, an NK-1 compound, and drugs for treating asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; developing and producing specialty active pharmaceutical ingredients; and discovery of drugs for the treatment of cancer, heart disease, metabolic disorders, and a range of genetic anomalies. Further, this segment engages in the development, manufacture, and sale of pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and veterinary products; and markets and distributes pharmaceutical and natural products. Additionally, OPKO Health, Inc. operates pharmaceutical platforms in Ireland, Chile, Spain, and Mexico. The company was incorporated in 1991 and is headquartered in Miami, Florida.

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Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. (BCLI) and OPKO Health Inc. (NASDAQ:OPK) Comparison side by side - MS Wkly

Surface Oncology Inc. (NASDAQ:SURF) and Anika Therapeutics Inc. (NASDAQ:ANIK) have been rivals in the Biotechnology for quite some time. Below is a review of each business including various aspects such as profitability, institutional ownership, analyst recommendations, risk, dividends, earnings and valuation.

Earnings and Valuation

Table 1 shows top-line revenue, earnings per share (EPS) and valuation of the two companies.

Profitability

Table 2 hightlights the net margins, return on assets and return on equity of the two companies.

Liquidity

The Current Ratio of Surface Oncology Inc. is 11.3 while its Quick Ratio stands at 11.3. The Current Ratio of rival Anika Therapeutics Inc. is 18.1 and its Quick Ratio is has 16.1. Anika Therapeutics Inc. is better equipped to clear short and long-term obligations than Surface Oncology Inc.

Analyst Recommendations

The Recommendations and Ratings for Surface Oncology Inc. and Anika Therapeutics Inc. are featured in the next table.

On the other hand, Anika Therapeutics Inc.s potential downside is -18.53% and its average target price is $55.

Institutional and Insider Ownership

Roughly 71.6% of Surface Oncology Inc. shares are held by institutional investors while 96.6% of Anika Therapeutics Inc. are owned by institutional investors. Insiders held roughly 0.2% of Surface Oncology Inc.s shares. Competitively, 0.9% are Anika Therapeutics Inc.s share held by insiders.

Performance

Here are the Weekly, Monthly, Quarterly, Half Yearly, Yearly and YTD Performance of both pretenders.

For the past year Surface Oncology Inc. has -47.88% weaker performance while Anika Therapeutics Inc. has 63.91% stronger performance.

Summary

Anika Therapeutics Inc. beats Surface Oncology Inc. on 10 of the 12 factors.

Surface Oncology, Inc., a clinical-stage immuno-oncology company, engages in the development of cancer therapies. The company's lead product candidate is the SRF231 that is in Phase I clinical trial targeting protein called cluster of differentiation (CD) 47. It is also developing SRF373 inhibiting CD73; SRF617 inhibiting CD39; and SRF388, an antibody targeting interleukin 27. The company has a collaboration agreement with Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Inc. for the development of cancer therapies. Surface Oncology, Inc. was founded in 2014 and is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Anika Therapeutics, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, provides orthopedic medicines for patients with degenerative orthopedic diseases and traumatic conditions in the United States and internationally. The company develops, manufactures, and commercializes therapeutic products based on its proprietary hyaluronic acid (HA) technology. Its orthobiologics products comprise ORTHOVISC, ORTHOVISC mini, MONOVISC, and CINGAL for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee; HYALOFAST, a biodegradable support for human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells used for cartilage regeneration and as an adjunct for microfracture surgery; HYALONECT, a woven gauze used as a bone graft wrap; HYALOSS used to mix blood/bone grafts to form a paste for bone regeneration; and HYALOGLIDE, an ACP gel used in tenolysis treatment. The companys dermal products include wound care products that comprise HYALOMATRIX and HYALOFILL for the treatment of complex wounds, such as burns and ulcers, and for use in connection with the regeneration of skin; and ELEVESS, an aesthetic dermatology product. Its surgical products comprise HYALOBARRIER, a post-operative adhesion barrier for use in the abdomino-pelvic area; INCERT, a HA product used for the prevention of post-surgical spinal adhesions; MEROGEL, a woven fleece nasal packing; and MEROGEL INJECTABLE, a viscous hydrogel. The company also offers ophthalmic products, including injectable HA products that are used as viscoelastic agents in ophthalmic surgical procedures, such as cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation; and veterinary products, which include HYVISC, an injectable HA product for the treatment of joint dysfunction in horses. Anika Therapeutics, Inc. was founded in 1983 and is headquartered in Bedford, Massachusetts.

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Comparing of Surface Oncology Inc. (SURF) and Anika Therapeutics Inc. (NASDAQ:ANIK) - MS Wkly

23 Oct 2019

A multi-institutional group, including members of the Tau Consortium, unveiled a stem cell tool kit for scientists studying primary tauopathies. In the November 12 issue of Stem Cell Reports, researchers co-led by Celeste Karch ofWashington University, St. Louis, and Alison Goate and Sally Temple of Icahn School of Medicine in New York, describe a collection of fibroblasts, induced pluripotent stem cells, and neural precursor cells. The cells come from 140 skin samples, some given by donors with richly documented clinical histories who carry pathogenic MAPT mutations or risk variants. Others come from noncarrier family members, patients with a sporadic tauopathy, and cognitively normal controls. The set includes induced pluripotent stem cell lines from 31 donors and 21 CRISPR-engineered isogenic lines. The cells are available to other researchers for study.

These types of high-quality repositories are becoming increasingly important for the scientific community, Clive Svendsen of the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles wrote to Alzforum.

This is the way the field is going, agreed Lawrence Golbe of CurePSP, New York. Golbes organization funds research into progressive nuclear palsy (PSP) and related disorders, and collaborates with the Tau Consortium on other projects. Enthusiastic about the resources potential, Golbe hopes CurePSP grantees will get an automatic pass to use the cells.

Choice Mutations. Cells in the new iPSC collection carry some of the most common MAPT mutations, covering a wide range of clinical and neuropathological phenotypes of frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTLD)-Tau. [Courtesy of Karch et al., 2019.]

Tauopathies have proven difficult to study in animal models, in part because unlike other neuropathologies, they seem to afflict only humans (Heuer et al., 2012). Moreover, while adult human brains express approximately equal amounts of the tau spliced isoforms 3R and 4R, rodents produce almost exclusively 4R (Trabzuni et al., 2012). This is problematic. For example, leading proposals to explain how tau mutations cause disease point to abnormalities in splicing and microtubule binding, which differ between isoforms. The models we had been focusing on were not capturing the complexity of MAPT in human cells, said first author Karch. As a result, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been gaining popularity in the field. The NINDS Human Cell and Data Repository is helping meet the demand by offering iPSC lines derived from 10 patients harboring MAPT mutations.

However, Karch and her collaborators think the field could benefit from a larger and more diverse collection of human cells, including isogenic iPSC lines. To accomplish this, they collected skin samples from 140 people carrying MAPT pathogenic mutations or risk variants, non-mutation carriers, and patients with sporadic PSP or corticobasal syndrome (CBS), most with comprehensive clinical histories. Although a few cells came from the NINDS repository, most came from patients participating in longitudinal studies at the Memory and Aging Center at the University of California, San Francisco, and the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center at WashU. The clinical records of most of these patients include detailed neurological and neuropathological workups, as well as fluid biomarkers and neuroimaging data collected from MRI, A-PET, and tau-PET studies.

To capture a broad range of phenotypes associated with some of the most common MAPT mutations, the authors created 36 fibroblast lines and 29 iPSC lines from individuals carrying the P301L, S305I,IVS10+16, V337M, G389R, and R406W mutations, as well as from carriers of the A152T variant, which increases the risk for both PSP and CBS (image above). The latter could be particularly useful for dissecting the mechanisms that underlie the phenotypic differences between the two diseases. The researchers also obtained iPSC lines from two noncarrier family members, and two people who suffered from autopsy-confirmed sporadic PSP. In addition, they stored fibroblast lines from 12 patients with sporadic PSP, five with CBS, 10 with a mixed PSP/CBS presentation, and 69 cognitively normal controls.

Biopsies are available for 27 of the 31 patients whose cells were used to generate iPSCs, and autopsy data for seven, including the two cases of sporadic PSP.

Importantly, the researchers edited 21 iPSC lines using CRISPR/Cas 9. They corrected cells with these mutations: MAPT IVS10+16,P301L, S305I, R406W, and V337M. Conversely, they inserted into control iPSCs these mutations: R5H, P301L,G389R, S305I, or S305S.

The authors also created a stem cell line carrying MAPT P301S,a mutation commonly overexpressed in tauopathy mouse models but not present in the available donors, by editing the P301L line. Isogenic lines are so powerful, particularly in these diseases which are so variable in their onset and progression, even within the same family, said Karch. Gnter Hglinger and Tabea Strauss at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE) in Munich agreed. Having a pool of cell lines with different disease-linked mutations and risk variants from several individuals and their isogenic control cells is an excellent resource for the research community to enlighten disease mechanisms, they wrote (full comment below).

Several of the reported lines have already starred in recent studies of tauopathy mechanisms and candidate therapies (e.g., Sep 2019 conference news; Nakamura et al., 2019; Hernandez et al., 2019; Silva et al., 2019).

Karch and colleagues have partially differentiated some of the iPSCs and stored them as neural progenitor cells (NPCs), so that researchers can relatively easily thaw, expand, and differentiate them into neurons. These NPCs have proved useful for large-scale functional-genomics studies, proteomics, and genetic modifier screens (e.g., Cheng et al., 2017; Boselli et al., 2017;Tian et al., 2019).

In addition, the authors inserted a neurogenin-2 transgene into two healthy controls and two MAPT mutant stem cells, P301L and R406W. Neurogenin-2 enables low-cost, large-scale differentiation of stem cells into homogenous excitatory neurons. These transgenic cells are particularly useful for high-throughput drug screens (Wang et al., 2017; Sohn et al., 2019).

Researchers can request all the reported cells online at http://neuralsci.org/tau. They must provide a summary of experimental plans, an institutional material transfer agreement, and a nominal fee to cover maintenance and distribution costs. Karch said the process resembles that of the Coriell Institute and the NINDS repository. Our goal is to share with as few hurdles as possible, she said.

While the authors are still reprogramming fibroblasts they have already collected, they also plan to add more causative mutations, generate more isogenic lines, and obtain more cells from members of the same families to help shed light on phenotypic variability. In addition, Karch said, she hopes repository users will resubmit lines with new modifications they generate.

Jeffrey Rothstein, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, welcomed the new resource. I think it is great they have assembled this collection, he said. Rothstein founded and co-directs the Answer ALS research project, which has amassed 600 iPSC lines from controls and patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Rothstein suggested the tauopathy collection may want to prioritize adding cells from donors with the most common form of disease, that is, sporadic. His group aims to generate 1,000 iPSC lines, with a large fraction representing sporadic diseasealso the most common form of ALSto identify the most prevalent disease subtypes. One strategy that has helped his group build their collection, he said, is using peripheral blood mononuclear cells instead of fibroblasts to create iPSCs. More donors are willing to donate blood than have a piece of skin punched out. In addition, iPSCs derived from blood cells are genetically more stable, he noted.

Rothstein emphasized the importance of assembling a large collection of healthy controls. Although isogenic controls are of great value, he cautioned they can be subject to artifacts. One problem is that the cell population can change due to selective pressures during CRISPR editing (Budde et al., 2017). To address this, Karch and colleagues are collecting not only modified iPSC clones, but also control clones that have gone through the editing pipeline but remain unmodified.

Stem-cell users studying tauopathies face another challenge: iPSC-derived neurons express primarily the fetal isoform of tau, 3R0N. However, citing a study that shows three-dimensional neuronal cultures switch to the adult profile relatively quickly (Miguel et al., 2019), Hglinger and Strauss wrote, [It] allows us to be optimistic that current challenges of this model system can be overcome in the future.Marina Chicurel

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Introducing: iPSC Collection from Tauopathy Patients - Alzforum

The Eastland Companion Animal Hospital in Bloomington is asking dog owners if they want to participate in research on using stem cells to treat dogs with arthritis.

Local dogs wouldjoin a double-blind, placebo-controlled studyto show the effectiveness of stem cells in treating large dogs(70 pounds or more) with arthritis in up to two joints of the knee, hip, elbow, or shoulder. The veterinary clinic has partnered with Animal Cell Therapies, who it's worked with before, to bring this study to Bloomington.

Dr. Kathy Petrucci, founder and CEO of Animal Cell Therapies, explained how dogs will receive the treatment.

The dogs that will receive the stem cells will be sedated, Petrucci said. Depending on what joints are affected, they will receive up to two injections in the joint and they will also receive an IV dose of stem cells.

The FDA oversees the cells that are received from donors for the study. Mothers donating these cells are screened for diseases, and cells are tested for any infections to ensure safety.

Stem cell therapy has been controversial, especially related to humans.

I think a lot of the controversy comes from the misunderstanding of the cell types, Petrucci said. The research in stem cells first started centered around embryonic or fetal tissue use. Its controversial to use embryos and fetal tissues for treatment for anything. The fact that we are using a disposable tissue as our cell sources makes it not controversial at all.

Why Umbilical-Derived Cells

Petrucci explained why umbilical-derived cells are more effective in treating arthritis versus other sources.

We looked at fat, bone marrow, embryonic cells, Petrucci said. The embryonic cells are a lot more unpredictable, and the bone marrow cells are more difficult to work with and less predictable. We didnt think the fat cells are as potent as umbilical-derived cells. Umbilical-derived cells are a lot younger and theyre a little bit more predictable. They are more easy to collect. We obtain cells from donors when the tissue would be normally thrown away. Theres no surgery required, no extra biopsies to obtain fat, no bone marrow from research animals. Its a good, ethical source of stem cells.

Umbilical-derived stem cells have proven successful in past studies on treatment for arthritis, according to Petrucci.

We did a study at the University of Florida on elbows only and we had success with that study, Petrucci said. We had good success with dogs under 70 pounds and (less) success with dogs over 70 pounds, so we changed our dose, which is why were testing dogs 70 pounds and over in this study.

Criteria for eligibility includes dogs weighing 70 pounds or more, being one year of age or older, in general good health, no neurologic issues, arthritis in up to two joints of the knee, hip, elbow, or shoulder, and have all four functioning limbs.

Owners must bring their dogs back to the clinic after 30 days to check for progress and complete a questionnaire. About 50 to 100 dogs are expected to participate in the study.

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Bloomington Vet Joins Study For Stem Cell Therapy To Treat Dogs With Arthritis - WGLT News